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In this tutorial, our goal is to introduce you to the basics of responsive web design. By the end of this tutorial, you will understand what responsive web design is, why it's important and how to create a responsive website using HTML and CSS.
Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of HTML and CSS
- A text editor (e.g., Sublime, VS Code)
- A modern web browser for testing
Responsive web design is a web design approach that makes web pages render well on a variety of devices and window or screen sizes. It's all about adjusting designs to accommodate screens of different sizes.
You can make your design responsive by using CSS media queries, flexible layouts and flexible media.
Media queries allow you to apply different styles depending on the characteristics of the device rendering the website, most commonly the width of the browser.
When we talk about flexible layouts, we're referring to the practice of building the layout of a website with a flexible grid, capable of dynamically resizing to any width.
This involves ensuring that your images and other media types are integrated in a way that allows them to be flexible as well.
Here is an example of a responsive web design using HTML and CSS:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Responsive Web Design Tutorial</title>
<style>
/* Default styles for all devices */
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: #f4f4f4;
}
/* Use media queries for responsiveness */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background: #333;
color: #fff;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to the Responsive Web Design Tutorial</h1>
</body>
</html>
In this example, the default background color is light gray. However, when the width of the viewing screen is 600px or less, the background color changes to dark gray and the text color changes to white.
In this tutorial, we've introduced you to the basics of responsive web design. You've learnt the importance of creating websites that render well on different devices and how to implement it using HTML and CSS.
If you wish to learn more, you can explore advanced concepts such as CSS Flexbox and CSS Grid, which offer more control when creating your layout.
Now that you have learned the basics, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises:
Exercise 1: Create a webpage with three columns when viewed on a large screen. The columns should stack on top of each other when viewed on a small screen.
Exercise 2: Create a webpage that changes the background color when the width of the viewing screen is less than 500px.
Exercise 3: Make an image scale based on the size of the viewing screen.
Remember, practice is key to mastering any concept. Happy coding!